What exactly is artificial intelligence (AI) that we encounter so frequently these days? How does it work, including its subfields like machine learning and deep learning? I'd be grateful if you could explain with real-life examples. I'm also curious about its current technological level.
What is Artificial Intelligence and how does it work?
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is essentially a machine or software that mimics certain tasks of the human brain. For example, when you use voice search on Google, AI recognizes your voice, transcribes it word by word, and finds results. Machine learning (ML) comes into play here; just like your baby learns the difference between a "cat" and a "dog" as they grow, algorithms here continuously improve themselves by consuming vast amounts of data.
Deep learning (DL), on the other hand, is a layer built on top of this. For instance, Netflix analyzing the shows you constantly watch to suggest recommendations, or Tesla's self-driving car distinguishing other vehicles on the road—these are the feats of DL. With today's technology, AI can already recognize faces in your photos ("When was this taken at HGM?"), or assist doctors in examining cancerous cells. So, those things we used to say "not today, but tomorrow" are already a reality—of course, they're not perfect yet, but they're improving day by day.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to machines possessing human-like intelligence, much like how our brains process information and make decisions. It's a collection of systems that can analyze and learn from given data, drawing conclusions. Machine Learning (ML) is a method that enables these systems to make predictions based on data; Deep Learning (DL), on the other hand, interprets more complex data (such as images or language) through artificial neural networks that mimic the brain's neural networks.
Let's look at a simple example from daily life: Spotify's music recommendations. It starts with the songs you first listen to and then tailors subsequent recommendations, much like a friend saying, "I think these songs suit you too." In the past, when we thought about someone, we might have said, "Well, this person's taste doesn't suit me." AI operates on the same logic but scans data from millions of people. While its current level is quite advanced in specific tasks (such as beating the world's best players in the game of Go or detecting tumors in medical images), it is still far from what we call general intelligence—the ability to "do everything." In other words, while AI is excellent at reading data and making the most logical inferences, it struggles to mimic humans' rule-breaking, emotional, and spontaneous thinking abilities.