I'm talking about a system that encrypts internet traffic and makes it appear as if it's being sent through a server in another country. How do the underlying protocols (like OpenVPN, WireGuard, etc.) and IP masking logic work? What are the specific encryption methods used? How is the data flow routed? Can you explain?
VPNs, how do they actually work, bro?
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VPNs are actually doing a simple but clever trick: they're re-enveloping your data in a new package. For me, WireGuard is like a new smartphone—lightweight, fast, and connects almost instantly. Under the hood, it takes your data, puts it in a bag (an encapsulated packet), and sends it to the VPN server. The server then opens the bag and broadcasts the data to the internet as if it's coming from that country. This hides your IP address and encrypts your traffic because the bag has a special lock (symmetric or asymmetric encryption) on it.
In my own use, I prefer WireGuard, especially when connecting to untrusted networks like public Wi-Fi, because it connects in seconds and barely slows down my data. OpenVPN, on the other hand, is an older method but is preferred in companies where constant stability is needed. Remember: VPNs *do* protect your data, but you need to choose wisely—some free VPNs might actually sell your data to third parties!