What is End-to-End Encryption and what are its advantages?

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End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) ensures that data is only readable by the communicating parties—the sender and the receiver. This is achieved by encrypting the message on the local device before sending it and decrypting it only after it passes through the server, which holds the recipient's private key. In this setup, even the platform itself cannot access the message content; it only ensures the security of the data during transmission. For example, protocols used by Signal or WhatsApp involve each user having their own key pair, and a secure channel is established only between mutually verified devices. The biggest advantage of E2EE is that it prevents third parties—including government institutions—from interfering with the data. However, some vulnerabilities should be considered. For instance, the devices themselves (such as recovery mode or jailbreak situations) or the user's ability to protect encryption keys can pose risks. Additionally, metadata—such as who communicates with whom and when—is often not encrypted, meaning your privacy isn’t fully protected. Therefore, the level of protection offered by E2EE can vary depending on the use case.