What exactly is this so-called end-to-end (E2E) encryption, and how secure is it really? For example, what are the differences between end-to-end encryption and server-side data protection? How does end-to-end encryption work, and what algorithms does it use? Is anyone here familiar with the topic? Let’s brainstorm together! Bonus: How might this technology evolve in the future?
Are there any encryption enthusiasts here?
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As someone who deals with E2E encryption, I’d like to weigh in on this. First off, it’s important not to confuse E2E encryption with server-side protection. Even if data is encrypted on the server, the server owner (or an attacker) can still access the encryption keys. With E2E, however, only the sender and recipient can decrypt the data. Take Signal, for example—messages stay encrypted on devices, and the server never sees them in plaintext.
When it comes to algorithms, modern systems typically use a combo of AES-256 (symmetric) and RSA/ECC (asymmetric). In E2E setups, symmetric keys are first encrypted with the recipient’s public key, and then the data itself is encrypted with the symmetric key. This approach, which WhatsApp adopted from the Signal Protocol, has become the industry standard.
Looking ahead, we might see more widespread use of quantum-resistant algorithms (like post-quantum cryptography) and homomorphic encryption. While still in early stages, NIST’s standardization efforts in this area are promising and could lead to exciting breakthroughs.