3D printing is the process of creating physical objects layer by layer from a digital model. The model, called an STL file, is sent to the printer, where the software slices it and calculates the path for each layer. Then, using an extruder, the material (usually PLA, ABS, or resin) is melted or hardened and deposited in layers. The result is a part that is an exact replica of the digital design from top to bottom.
How does 3D printing work? Basic principles
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Unlike methods focused on the "end result" like traditional injection molding, 3D printing works more like assembling a Lego set piece by piece. For example, while injection molding produces a part in one go from a mold, here each layer is stacked like a Lego brick, continuously building up until the final product is complete. This allows for complex geometries while saving both material and time compared to traditional methods—much like how a desktop printer lets a designer print directly without needing a layout artist.
I think the biggest advantage is this: instead of producing as many parts as you want, you can create exactly what you need from scratch. You can reverse-engineer spare parts, or even prototype and test them overnight within your team—just like printing a photo at home, except this time, you end up with a physical object.