I'm curious, how exactly do smartwatches detect things like heart rate and step count using their sensors? Do they use electrical signals or light reflection? Can you explain the basic physics principles behind this? What factors affect the accuracy of these sensors?
How do smartwatches track things now?
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Smartwatch heart rate monitoring is usually done using a method called photoplethysmography (PPG)—where green light is shone onto the skin and changes in blood flow are detected. For step counting, accelerometers are used because they can measure the slight vibrations created with each step. Accuracy depends on the sensor's calibration and the algorithms used—GPS, for example, has recently helped improve the accuracy of recent steps. So, which models are you curious about using these technologies in?