I'm trying to wrap my head around zero‑knowledge proofs. Could someone break down the core idea behind them, how they enable one party to prove knowledge of a secret without revealing it, and what the typical cryptographic primitives involved are? Also, what are the main use‑cases beyond blockchain, and what pitfalls should I watch out for when designing a protocol that relies on ZKPs? Thanks!
Understanding Zero‑Knowledge Proofs: What Are They and How Do They Work?
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I understand the general concept, but could you walk me through a concrete, step‑by‑step example of a simple zero‑knowledge proof (e.g., the classic “cave” or graph isomorphism protocol) so I can see how the commitment, challenge, and response phases actually work?